The Utilities are a collection of little tools created solve specific problems.
A collection of small applications that don't quite have a place in the wiki just yet.
firth
Firth, or 1th, is a postfix calculator for fractions.
Firth is a stack based rpn calculator, created to be an improved version of Unix's dc. It supports basic arithmetic and is the perfect companion utility to Fractran.
Examples
The following example, will print the mixed fraction 3&1/6.
clr 11 4 div 5 12 div add mix
To print the decimal value of a fraction.
clr 22 7 div 1 791 div sub dec
To get the floor() of a fraction.
clr 17 4 div dup 1 mod sub .
1th.c
#include <stdio.h>
/*
Copyright (c) 2020 Devine Lu Linvega
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
#define SZ 256
typedef struct Fraction {
int num, den;
} Fraction;
typedef struct Stack {
Fraction data[SZ];
Fraction *pointer;
} Stack;
typedef enum {
STANDARD,
MIXED,
DECIMAL,
HEXADECIMAL,
BINARY
} PrintMode;
PrintMode MODE;
/* helpers */
int
scmp(char *a, char *b)
{
int i = 0;
while(a[i] == b[i])
if(!a[i++])
return 1;
return 0;
}
int
gcd(int a, int b)
{
if(b == 0)
return a;
return gcd(b, a % b);
}
void
pbin(int n, unsigned int l)
{
while(l) {
putchar(n & l ? '1' : '0');
l >>= 1;
}
putchar(' ');
}
/* rpn */
int
error(char *err, char *msg)
{
printf("%s Error: %s\n", err, msg);
return 0;
}
int
trypop(Stack *s, int len)
{
int err = s->pointer - len < s->data;
if(err)
error("Stack", "underflow");
return !err;
}
int
trypush(Stack *s, int len)
{
int err = s->pointer + len >= s->data + SZ;
if(err)
error("Stack", "overflow");
return !err;
}
Fraction
pop(Stack *s)
{
return *(s->pointer--);
}
void
push(Stack *s, Fraction f)
{
*(++s->pointer) = f;
}
Fraction *
get(Stack *s, int offset)
{
return s->pointer - offset;
}
Fraction
Frac(int num, int den)
{
Fraction f;
int d = gcd(num, den);
f.num = num / d;
f.den = den / d;
return f;
}
void
print(Stack *s)
{
Fraction *f = s->data;
while(f++ != s->pointer) {
if(MODE == DECIMAL)
printf("%f ", f->num / (double)f->den);
else if(MODE == MIXED && f->num > f->den)
printf("%d&%d/%d ", f->num / f->den, f->num % f->den, f->den);
else if(MODE == HEXADECIMAL)
printf("%08hX ", f->num);
else if(MODE == BINARY)
pbin(f->num, 1 << 7);
else if(f->den != 1)
printf("%d/%d ", f->num, f->den);
else
printf("%d ", f->num);
}
printf("\n");
}
/* ops */
int
interpret(Stack *s, char *word)
{
int value;
if(!word[0] || word[0] == ' ' || word[0] == '.')
print(s);
else if(scmp(word, "std"))
MODE = STANDARD;
else if(scmp(word, "mix"))
MODE = MIXED;
else if(scmp(word, "dec"))
MODE = DECIMAL;
else if(scmp(word, "hex"))
MODE = HEXADECIMAL;
else if(scmp(word, "bin"))
MODE = BINARY;
else if(sscanf(word, "%d", &value) && trypush(s, 1))
push(s, Frac(value, 1));
/* stack */
else if(scmp(word, "pop") && trypop(s, 1))
pop(s);
else if(scmp(word, "clr"))
s->pointer = s->data;
else if(scmp(word, "swp") && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac(b.num, b.den));
push(s, Frac(a.num, a.den));
} else if(scmp(word, "dup") && trypop(s, 1) && trypush(s, 1)) {
Fraction *f = get(s, 0);
push(s, Frac(f->num, f->den));
} else if(scmp(word, "ovr") && trypop(s, 2) && trypush(s, 1)) {
Fraction *f = get(s, 1);
push(s, Frac(f->num, f->den));
} else if(scmp(word, "rot") && trypop(s, 3)) {
Fraction c = pop(s);
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac(b.num, b.den));
push(s, Frac(c.num, c.den));
push(s, Frac(a.num, a.den));
/* arithmetic */
} else if((word[0] == '+' || scmp(word, "add")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac((a.num * b.den) + (a.den * b.num), a.den * b.den));
} else if((word[0] == '-' || scmp(word, "sub")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac((a.num * b.den) - (a.den * b.num), a.den * b.den));
} else if((word[0] == '*' || scmp(word, "mul")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac(a.num * b.num, a.den * b.den));
} else if((word[0] == '/' || scmp(word, "div")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac(a.num * b.den, a.den * b.num));
} else if((word[0] == '%' || scmp(word, "mod")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac((a.num * b.den) % (a.den * b.num), a.den * b.den));
/* bitwise */
} else if((word[0] == '&' || scmp(word, "and")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac((a.num * b.den) & (a.den * b.num), a.den * b.den));
} else if((word[0] == '|' || scmp(word, "or")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac((a.num * b.den) | (a.den * b.num), a.den * b.den));
} else if((word[0] == '^' || scmp(word, "xor")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac((a.num * b.den) ^ (a.den * b.num), a.den * b.den));
} else if((scmp(word, "<<") || scmp(word, "rol")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac((a.num * b.den) << (a.den * b.num), a.den * b.den));
} else if((scmp(word, ">>") || scmp(word, "ror")) && trypop(s, 2)) {
Fraction b = pop(s);
Fraction a = pop(s);
push(s, Frac((a.num * b.den) >> (a.den * b.num), a.den * b.den));
/* special */
} else if((scmp(word, "inv")) && trypop(s, 1)) {
Fraction f = pop(s);
push(s, Frac(f.den, f.num));
} else if(scmp(word, "vid") && trypop(s, 1) && trypush(s, 1)) {
Fraction f = pop(s);
push(s, Frac(f.num, 1));
push(s, Frac(f.den, 1));
} else if(word)
return error("Command", word);
return 1;
}
int
run(Stack *s)
{
int len = 0;
char c, word[64];
while((c = fgetc(stdin)) != EOF) {
if(c == ' ' || c == '\n') {
word[len] = '\0';
len = 0;
interpret(s, word);
} else
word[len++] = c;
}
return 0;
}
int
main()
{
Stack s;
s.pointer = s.data;
while(run(&s))
;
print(&s);
return 0;
}
seconth
Seconth, or 2th, is a plain-text calendar with events.
Second is a calendar utility created to overlay events on pages of the gregorian calendar, written in ANSI C.
Event Format
The events are stored in text files in the format:
20201126 Sailing trip to Port Townsend
2th.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
/*
Copyright (c) 2020 Devine Lu Linvega
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
#define EVENTMAX 1024
typedef struct Event {
int y, m, d;
char name[256];
} Event;
typedef struct Calendar {
int y, m, d, len;
Event events[EVENTMAX];
} Calendar;
char *months[] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
int
slen(char *s)
{
int i = 0;
while(s[++i])
;
return i;
}
int
sint(char *s, int len)
{
int n = 0, i = 0;
while(i < len && s[i] && s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9') {
n = n * 10 + (s[i] - '0');
i++;
}
return n;
}
char *
scpy(char *src, char *dst, int len)
{
int i = 0;
while(i < len - 1 && (dst[i] = src[i]))
i++;
return dst;
}
int
daysmonth(int y, int m)
{
if(m == 1 || m == 3 || m == 5 || m == 7 || m == 8 || m == 10 || m == 12)
return 31;
else if((m == 2) && ((y % 400 == 0) || (y % 4 == 0 && y % 100 != 0)))
return 29;
else if(m == 2)
return 28;
else
return 30;
return 0;
}
int
dayweek(int y, int m, int d)
{
int t[] = {0, 3, 2, 5, 0, 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 4};
y -= m < 3;
return (y + y / 4 - y / 100 + y / 400 + t[m - 1] + d) % 7;
}
void
setevent(Calendar *c, int y, int m, int d, char *name)
{
Event *e = &c->events[c->len++];
scpy(name, e->name, slen(name));
e->y = y;
e->m = m;
e->d = d;
}
Event *
getevent(Calendar *c, int y, int m, int d)
{
int i;
for(i = 0; i < c->len; i++) {
Event *e = &c->events[i];
if(e->y == y && e->m == m && e->d == d)
return e;
}
return NULL;
}
void
printevents(Calendar *c, int y, int m, int d)
{
int i, l = c->m;
for(i = 0; i < 90; i++) {
Event *e = getevent(c, y, m, d);
if(e) {
if(l != m)
puts("");
if(i == 0)
printf(" Today ");
else if(i == 1)
printf(" Tomorrow ");
else
printf(" In %02d days ", i);
puts(e->name);
l = m;
}
d++;
if(d > daysmonth(y, m)) {
d = 1;
m++;
if(m > 12) {
m = 1;
y++;
}
}
}
puts("");
}
void
printcalendar(Calendar *c)
{
int i;
int dw = dayweek(c->y, c->m, 1);
int dm = daysmonth(c->y, c->m);
printf(" %s %d\n", months[c->m - 1], c->y);
printf(" Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa ");
for(i = 0; i <= 35; i++) {
int d = i - dw + 1;
if(i % 7 == 0)
puts("");
if(d == c->d)
printf("<%2d>", d);
else if(getevent(c, c->y, c->m, d))
printf("[%2d]", d);
else if(d > 0 && d <= dm)
printf(" %2d ", d);
else
printf(" ");
}
puts("");
}
void
loadevents(FILE *f, Calendar *c)
{
char line[256];
if(!f)
return;
while(fgets(line, 256, f)) {
if(line[0] == ';' || slen(line) < 12)
continue;
if(c->len >= EVENTMAX)
break;
setevent(c,
line[0] == '*' ? c->y : sint(line, 4),
line[5] == '*' ? c->m : sint(line + 4, 2),
line[7] == '*' ? c->d : sint(line + 6, 2),
line + 9);
}
fclose(f);
}
void
init(Calendar *cal)
{
time_t t;
struct tm *local;
time(&t);
local = localtime(&t);
cal->y = local->tm_year + 1900;
cal->m = local->tm_mon + 1;
cal->d = local->tm_mday;
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Calendar cal;
init(&cal);
loadevents(fopen(argc > 1 ? argv[1] : "calendar", "r"), &cal);
printcalendar(&cal);
printevents(&cal, cal.y, cal.m, cal.d);
return 0;
}
stopwatch
Stopwatch is a terminal utility countdown.
Why the heck did I even have to write this in the first place.
cc sw.c -std=c89 -Os -DNDEBUG -g0 -s -Wall -o sw
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int
main()
{
int h = -1, m = -1, s = -1, t = 0;
printf("Timeout(HH:MM:SS) | ");
if(!scanf("%d:%d:%d", &h, &m, &s)) {
printf("Invalid timestamp\n");
return 0;
}
if(m == -1 && s == -1) {
s = h;
h = 0;
m = 0;
} else if(s == -1) {
s = m;
m = h;
h = 0;
}
t = h * 3600 + m * 60 + s;
putchar('\n');
do {
if(t > 3600)
printf("\033[A%02d:%02d:%02d\n",
t / 3600,
(t / 60) % 60,
t % 60);
else if(t > 60)
printf("\033[A%02d:%02d\n",
(t / 60) % 60,
t % 60);
else
printf("\033[A%02d\n",
t);
sleep(1);
t--;
} while(t >= 0);
printf("Ended.\n");
return 0;
}
themes
Themes are the standard interface customization for the Hundred Rabbits software.
A theme file is a plain-text .svg with 9 colors, the reason for using a svg file as source is that on most operating system, a preview of the theme color will be generated via the file manager.
Applications supporting the themes ecosystem include Orca, Left, Nasu, Dotgrid and many more.
Nine colors should be more than enough for any interface.
Example
A file should include 9 hex codes of 6 characters, in that specific order to be a valid theme.
<svg width="96px" height="64px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" baseProfile="full" version="1.1"> <rect width='96' height='64' id='background' fill='#E0B1CB'></rect> <!-- Foreground --> <circle cx='24' cy='24' r='8' id='f_high' fill='#231942'></circle> <circle cx='40' cy='24' r='8' id='f_med' fill='#48416d'></circle> <circle cx='56' cy='24' r='8' id='f_low' fill='#917296'></circle> <circle cx='72' cy='24' r='8' id='f_inv' fill='#E0B1CB'></circle> <!-- Background --> <circle cx='24' cy='40' r='8' id='b_high' fill='#5E548E'></circle> <circle cx='40' cy='40' r='8' id='b_med' fill='#FFFFFF'></circle> <circle cx='56' cy='40' r='8' id='b_low' fill='#BE95C4'></circle> <circle cx='72' cy='40' r='8' id='b_inv' fill='#9F86C0'></circle> </svg>
Plan9
Below is the Plan9 implementation, the stdout is a sequence of 9 hex strings. Usage is simply themes9 ../themes/apollo.svg
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
#include <draw.h>
#include <event.h>
#define BUFLEN 1024
long theme[9];
Image *bg,
*f_high, *f_med, *f_low, *f_inv,
*b_high, *b_med, *b_low, *b_inv;
int
slen(char* s)
{
int n = 0;
while(s[n] != '\0' && s[++n])
;
return n;
}
char*
sstr(char* src, char* dest, int from, int to)
{
int i;
char *a = (char*)src + from, *b = (char*)dest;
for(i = 0; i < to; i++)
b[i] = a[i];
dest[to] = '\0';
return dest;
}
unsigned char
chex(char c)
{
if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
return 10 + c - 'a';
if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
return 10 + c - 'A';
return (c - '0') & 0xF;
}
unsigned long
shex(char* s)
{
int i, n = 0, l = slen(s);
for(i = 0; i < l; ++i)
n |= (chex(s[i]) << ((l - i - 1) * 4));
return n;
}
void
parse(int fd)
{
int i, id = 0;
char buf[BUFLEN], hexs[8];
read(fd, buf, BUFLEN);
for(i = 0; i < BUFLEN; ++i) {
if(buf[i] != '#')
continue;
print("#%s ", sstr(buf, hexs, i + 1, 6));
theme[id] = (shex(hexs) << 8) + 255;
id++;
}
if(id != 9)
print("Invalid theme");
close(fd);
bg = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[0]);
f_high = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[1]);
f_med = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[2]);
f_low = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[3]);
f_inv = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[4]);
b_high = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[5]);
b_med = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[6]);
b_low = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[7]);
b_inv = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, theme[8]);
}
void
redraw(Image* dst)
{
int size = 20;
Point s = subpt(screen->r.max, screen->r.min);
Point c = divpt(s, 2);
Point m = addpt(screen->r.min, c);
Point o = addpt(m, (Point){-size * 4, -size * 2});
draw(screen, screen->r, bg, nil, ZP);
fillellipse(screen,
addpt(o, (Point){size, size}),
size, size, f_high, ZP);
fillellipse(screen,
addpt(o, (Point){size * 3, size}),
size, size, f_med, ZP);
fillellipse(screen,
addpt(o, (Point){size * 5, size}),
size, size, f_low, ZP);
fillellipse(screen,
addpt(o, (Point){size * 7, size}),
size, size, f_inv, ZP);
fillellipse(screen,
addpt(o, (Point){size, size * 3}),
size, size, b_high, ZP);
fillellipse(screen,
addpt(o, (Point){size * 3, size * 3}),
size, size, b_med, ZP);
fillellipse(screen,
addpt(o, (Point){size * 5, size * 3}),
size, size, b_low, ZP);
fillellipse(screen,
addpt(o, (Point){size * 7, size * 3}),
size, size, b_inv, ZP);
}
void
eresized(int new)
{
Rectangle r;
r = screen->r;
if(new&& getwindow(display, Refnone) < 0)
fprint(2, "can't reattach to window");
redraw(screen);
}
void
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
int fd;
Mouse m;
initdraw(0, 0, "Themes");
if(argc == 1)
fd = 0;
else if((fd = open(argv[1], OREAD)) < 0)
perror(argv[1]);
parse(fd);
eresized(0);
einit(Emouse);
/* Break on mouse3 */
for(;;) {
m = emouse();
if(m.buttons & 4)
break;
}
}POSIX Filter
The follow utility prints the 9 colors to stdout.
#include <stdio.h>
int
cpos(char *s, char c)
{
int i = 0;
while(s[i])
if(s[i++] == c)
return i - 1;
return -1;
}
unsigned char
chex(char c)
{
if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
return 10 + c - 'a';
if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
return 10 + c - 'A';
return (c - '0') & 0xF;
}
int
shex(char *s, int len)
{
int i, n = 0;
for(i = 0; i < len; ++i)
n |= (chex(s[i]) << ((len - i - 1) * 4));
return n;
}
char *
sstr(char *src, char *dst, int from, int to)
{
int i;
char *a = (char *)src + from, *b = (char *)dst;
for(i = 0; i < to; i++)
b[i] = a[i];
dst[to] = '\0';
return dst;
}
int
error(char *name)
{
printf("Error: %s\n", name);
return 0;
}
int
parse(FILE *f)
{
int i, id = 0;
long theme[9];
char line[256], hexs[9][7];
while(fgets(line, 256, f)) {
int split = cpos(line, '#');
if(split >= 0) {
sstr(line + split + 1, hexs[id], 0, 6);
theme[id++] = shex(line + split + 1, 6);
}
if(id >= 9)
break;
}
if(id != 9)
return error("Invalid theme");
for(i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
printf("#%s = %ld\n", hexs[i], theme[i]);
return 1;
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
FILE *input;
if(argc == 2) {
input = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
if(input == NULL)
return error("Invalid input.\n");
} else
input = stdin;
return parse(input);
}