latin sin flexion

Latin sin Flexion(Lø) is an auxiliary language created by Giuseppe Peano.

The idea is to strip Classical Latin down to its simplest possible grammar while keeping its vocabulary recognizable, making a language learnable in hours rather than years. This page documents a specific variance of Lø that goes a step further and removes repeated consonants and trailing vowels in words longer than one syllable.

Hoc mund mirand que nos habitat es plus mirabil quam practic, magis pulcr quam util, es pro admir et gaud ne us.

Pronunciation

Lø favors the old Latin pronunciation, vowels are pronounced as indicated below:

a, as in father.
e, as in they.
i, as in machine.
o, as in tone.
u, as in rule.
y, as French u.
j, as y in yes.
ae, as i in aisle.
oe, as oi in boil.

Consonants are sounded as in English with the exceptions:

c, like k always, as in can and cat.
h, silent in th, ph, ch, rh, otherwise like English h.

Syntax

The order of words is so nearly similar to the English order of words that one may safely follow that usage without fear of being misunderstood or being too greatly incorrect. Most grammatical elements are not necessary, declension and conjugation are eliminated.

Leon dormant in umbr.

The lion is sleeping in the shade.

The subject tends to come first, the predicate last. The word most expressive of the thought uppermost in mind will likely come first and the others follow in their natural sequence.

Nouns

Any Latin dictionary gives two forms for each noun, the first form is called nominative, the second genitive. Lø nouns are typically taken from the Latin genitive form, and keeping only the root word:

Latin		Lø	English
Nominative	Genitive	--	--
rosa	rosае	ros	rose
casus	casus	cas	case
pax	pacis	pac	peace
laurus	lauri	laur	laurel

There is no grammatical or artificial gender. Natural gender is indicated by different names if these are in international use, like patr(father) or matr(mother). If different names do not exist, gender is indicated like can mas(male dog), can femin(female dog).

Nos hab un ling et du aur.

We have one tongue and two ears.

There are no cases. The English genitive is made with de, as in ped de homin(the man's foot). Plural can be marked, but it is omitted when not necessary: fils(sons), tres fil(three sons) or plur fil(multiple sons).

Articles

There is no definite or indefinite article. It is translated with a pronoun, like il, un, etc., when it has the value of a pronoun and its use is necessary:

da ad me librs     = give me books.
da ad me libr      = give me a book.
da ad me hoc libr  = give me the book.
da ad me il libr   = give me that book.
da ad me ils libr  = give me these books.

Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are simply: de me(my, mine), de nos(our, ours), etc.. Reflexive pronouns are made of se(himself, herself, it, itself) and se ips(one's self, themselves).

me	I, me
te	thou, thee
il	he, she, him, her
nos	we, us
vos	you
ils	they, them
id	it

Adjectives

Adjectives may be formed by means of de, like de fratr(fraternal). Adverbs from adjectives are obtained by means of in mod(in a way of), like in mod diligent(diligently), in mod fratern(fraternally).

For the comparison of adjectives, superlatives are used like: plus(plus), magis(more), mult(much), maxim(most)..

brev            = short.
magis brev      = shorter than.
minus brev quam = less short than.
maxim brev      = shortest.
minim brev      = least short.
tam brev quam   = as short as.

The prefixing of the negative ne or non may ordinarily be used to denote the contrary. The preposition sin may be used to denote lacking, like the suffix "-less" in English.

Verbs

The Latin vocabulary gives the present indicative and the present infinitive. By dropping the ending of the infinitive -re, the Lø form is obtained. One could argue that this counts as flexion. To the present form of the verb add:

-r for the infinitive
-t for the past participle
-nt for the present participle

am	love	hab	have	scrib	write	aud	hear
amar	to love	haber	to have	scriber	to write	audir	to hear
amat	loved	habet	had	scribet	wrote	audit	heard
amant	loving	habent	having	scribent	writing	audint	hearing

The form of the imperative is the same as the one for the present. Sometimes the idea of the past is indicated by a word of the sentence and in such case there is no need to inflect the verb.

me am  = I love.
nos am = we love.
ils am = they love.
..

Her me scrib, Lunad nos vol leg.

Yesterday I wrote, Monday we will read.

When it is necessary to indicate the past, this can be done by an adverb, as jam(already) or tum which is particularly used for this purpose, or by e preceding the verb.

me jam am = I loved
te tum am = you loved
nos e am  = we loved
..

When it is necessary to indicate the future, it can be done by the expression in futur, or by the verbs vol(will) and deb(must) like in English, or by i preceding verb.

me vol am = I will love
te deb am = you must love
nos i am  = we shall love
..

The subjunctive has no special ending, its idea is expressed by the use of conjunctions like si, que, ut, quod.

Fil es amat ab matr.

The son is loved by the mother.

The passive form is rendered by the past participle and the verb "es", to be: es amat(is loved). It may also be rendered by "quem" and a relative clause: fil es quem matr am(it is the son whom the mother loves).

Expressions

In answering "yes" and "no" the speaker repeats the verb or uses one of the following expressions:

hello, heus.
io!, yeah!!
cert , certainly.
etiam , even so.
it , true, so, yes.
non , not so.
nul mod, no way!

Questions

Qui es me? who am I?
Que hab te? what do you have?
Quar non? why not?
Qual ocasion? which occasion?
Quem vos e inven? whom did you find?
Quand vad te? when are you going?

Examples

Nos vid per oculs, audi per aurs, senti odor per nas, gust per ling, loq per or, tang per man, ambul per pede. Me hab un capit, du man, du ped. Man hab quinq digit. Du man hab decem digit.

Alphabet latin hab duo decem et quinque liter. Prim liter es A, secund B, C es ant D, F es post E. H es inter G et I, Z es ultim. Y es ant ultim. O es in loc 15. T hab numer 20 ab principi, et numer 6 ab fin.

Aq es in fluv et in mar. Aer es super ter, aer in mot es vent. Cael es super ter, ter es sub cael. Sol da luc et calor ad ter. Sol ori in orient, et fi die. Sol cad in ocident et fi noct. Lun et stelas splend in noct. In noct nos dorm.

Fulgid astr, que cum suo viv luc alb atrah atention d'omn homin, es Jov(Jupiter), gigant de munds. Hoc mund colosal gravit lent circ Sol et percur suo orbit quas rotund in 11 an et 314 die. Galileo in 7 januar 1610 deteg quatuor satelit ad Jov. Quatuor al satelit es detect post 1892, invisibil cum instruments comun.

Vocabulary

For more examples, have a look at the English-Lø Dictionary

Adverbs

alib, elsewhere
ant, before
ben, well
bis, again
cert, certainly
cras, tomorrow
dexter, at the right
erg, therefore
her, yesterday
hic, here
hod, today
ib, there
in fin, at last
interim, meanwhile
it, thus
iterum, again
jam, already
mal, badly
mult, much
nam, because, for
nimis, too much
non, no, not
nunc, now
nuper, lately, recently
post, after
prim, at first
quam, as, than
quas, almost, nearly
quia, because
saep, often
satis, enough
semper, always
sic, so, thus
sinistr, at the left
subit, at once, immediately
tal, like, such
tot, entirely, wholly
tunc, then
tut, safely
ub, where
ut, in order that, as
usqu, till, up to
vald, greatly, very, very much

Prepositions

ab, by, from
ad, at, to
advers, against
apud, near
circ, about
circum, around
cum, with, when, whereas, since
de, concerning, from of
ex, from, out of
extr, outside, without
in, in, into
infr, below, under
inter, among, between
intr, within
juxt, near, next to
ob, on account of
per, by means of, through
prae, before, in front of
pro, for, on behalf of
sin, without
sub, below, under
super, above, on, upon
trans, across, beyond
ultr, beyond

Conjunctions

aut ... aut      = either ... or(exclusive).
et ... et        = both ... and .
neq ... nec      = neither ... nor.
minus ... quam   = less ... than.
plus ... quam    = more ... than.
tant ... quant   = as much ... as.
ut ... it        = as ... so.
vel ... vel      = either ... or(indifferent).

aut, or
dum, during, until, when, while
et, and
etiam, also, even
ets, although, even if
ne, no, not
nec, nor
nis, unless
sed, but
si non, if not
tamen, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding, yet
ubi, where

Numbers

un, prim, 1
du, secund, 2
tres, terti, 3
quatuor, quart, 4
quinq, quint, 5
sex, sext, 6
septem, septim, 7
oct, octav, 8
novem, non, 9
decem, decim, 10
decemun, decimprim, 11
decemdu, decimsecund, 12
decemtres, decimterti, 12
vigint, vigesim, 20
trigint, trigesim, 30
quadragint, quadragesim, 40
quinquagint, quinquagesim, 50
sexagint, sexagesim, 60
septuagint, septuagesim, 70
ocogint, octogesim, 80
nonagint, nonagesim, 90
centum, centesimo, 100
mil, milesim, 1 000
milion, milionesim, 1 000 000

The days of the week:

Lunad, Monday
Marted, Tuesday
Mercuriod, Wednesday
Joved, Thursday
Venered, Friday
Saturnod, Saturday
Sold, Sunday

Suffixes & Prefixes

The word ben may be used to render the prefix "well", like benconsiliat(well-advised), malfamat(ill-famed) or malconception(misconception).

English         Lø             English                 Lø
-ary            -ar            aviary                  aviar
-aster          -astr          poetaster               poetastr
-ble            -bil           stable                  stabil
-or,-our        -or            colo(u)r                color
-tive           -tiv           punitive                punitiv
-ous            -os            famous                  famos
-ate            -at            sublimate               sublimat
-er             -tor           maker                   factor
-ty             -tat           quality                 qualitat
-cy             -t             tendency                tendent
-ce             -t             elegance                elegant
-fy             -fic           justify                 justific
-esque          -esc           statuesque              statuesc

The ending -ed as in "faced"(having faces) may be rendered with cum vult or cum superfic, or cum angul(cornered, having corners) .

English         Lø              English                 Lø
self-           auto-           self-induction          auto-induction
well            bene-           wellsaid                benedict
mis-            male-           misform                 maleform
pan-            pan-            pan-asiatic             panasiatic
by-             para-           by-product              para-product

Special Pronouns

Demonstrative
	il            = that(it, he, she, him, her).
	ce, hoc, ist  = this, these.
	ils           = those.
	ips           = self.
	idem          = same.
	tal           = such.
	qual          = such as.
Indefinite
	aliq          = some, some one.
	omn           = all, every.
	un            = one.
	ul            = some, any.
	nul           = not any.
	nemin         = nobody, no one.
	al            = other, else.
	sol           = alone, single, one.
	tot           = whole, all, entire.
	neutr         = neither.
	alter         = either, one but not the other of two.
	utroq         = either, both of two.

incoming: gaud 2026